Jay+Djibouti+4A+Challenge

Djibouti

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=Did you Know??? = Djibouti's Lake Assal is the lowest point in Africa and the second lowest in the world. The official languages are French and Arabic, but the most commonly spoken languages are Somali and Afar. Djiboutian men commonly chew khat, a leafy plant that produces a mildly stimulating effect. A closed fist with the pad of the thumb touching the bottom of one's chin denotes “full” (for example, when requesting a full tank of gas).

Nomands lived in Djibouti for 100s of years. The Issas and Afars lived in Djibouti when Arab traders revealed Islam to the culture in the ninth century (AD). Arabs at the port of Adal (in somalia) controlled the area until it’s collapse in 1543. After the collapse the sultanates of Obock, Tadjoura came about as the dominant powers. Rochet d'Hericourt's expedition into Shoa in 1839 sparked French interest in the area. The French signed a treaty with the Afar sultan of Obock to construct a port in 1862, which led to the beginning of French Somaliland in 1888. Construction of the Franco-Ethiopian Railway that stretched from Djibouti to Ethiopia started in 1897 then reached Addis Ababa in 1917. The railroad then opened up the inside of French Somaliland that was given the status of an overseas French territory in 1946. The Issas begen to support the movement for independence/unification of the area’s three Somali-populated colonies which were French, British, and Italian Somaliland. In 1960 British and Italian Somaliland gained independence and then came together to form the war torn nation of Somalia. However, France retained French Somaliland. Two days of protests and riots started in 1996 when French president Charles de Gaulle visited French Somaliland. The French announced a referendum (basically a vote) on independence would be held. In March 1967 the voting results were that 60% of French Somaliland decided to remain under France. French Somaliland was then renamed the French Territory of the Afars and Issas. The majority of the support for the French was among the Afars. Ali Aref, the Afar leader, became the local head of the territorial government. As resistance to the French continued to mount demonstrations forced Ali Aref to resign his position in 1979. Finally, France agreed to grant independence. Hassan Gouled Aptidon and his party, the People's Progress Assembly (RPP), won elections in May 1977, allowing him to become president when Djibouti became an independent country on 27 June 1977. Hassan Gouled led an Issa-dominated government with one-party rule. In 1991, civil war broke out between government forces and Afar rebels. A peace treaty was signed in 1994, but one rebel faction refused to recognize the treaty and continued fighting. A final peace treaty was agreed to in 2000. In accordance with the treaty, multiparty elections were held in 2003. Issa leader Ismael Omar Guelleh won the contest and was elected to a final term, running unopposed, in 2005.
 * //__History __//**

**//__Size of country in square miles __//** Djibouti: 8,958 U.S.A.: 3,794,100 **//__Population density in people per square mile __//** Djibouti: 83 people <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: 82 people **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Gross Domestic Product per capita __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti’s real GDP per capita: $2,061 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.’s real GDP per capita: $45,592

=__//**<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; line-height: 27px;">Economic Summary **//__= <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Most of Djibouti’s economy is reliant on it’s sea port. Goods travel through the port and either go to sell in Djibouti or continue on it’s journey overland to Ethiopia and other nations. Ethiopia uses the port on a regular basis because of it’s poor relations with Eritrea make Djibouti’s port their only access to the Red Sea. In exchange, Djibouti depends upon Ethiopia for its khat supply. Also, Djibouti only produces about 5% of its food supply and imports most of its food from Ethiopia via train. Natural resources are very scarce and for the most part not exploited. Djibouti could be a fishing reliant country but the Djiboutian people are mainly nomadic herders, therefore fisheries are yet to be produced. Another part of national income is from French aid and leasing of military bases to both France and the Unites States that take advantage of Djibouti’s position between Africa, Europe, and the Middle East

**//__<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Political Map __//**

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"> **//__<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Physical Map __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; height: 424.5pt; visibility: visible; width: 354.75pt;"> **//__<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Djibouti’s flag __//**



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The flag of Djibouti features horizontal bands of light blue and light green <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Blue represents the sky <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Green, the earth <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">White, peace <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Red, blood

**//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Life expectancy __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti: Male: 54 Female: 57 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: Male: 77 Female: 81 **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Birth rate __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti: 25.58 births/1,000 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: 13.83 births/1,000

**//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Infant mortality rate __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti: 98 per 1,000 births <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: 6 per 1,000 births **//__<span style="color: #77933c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Language(s) spoken __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">French and Arabic, but the most commonly spoken languages are Somali (in the Issa-dominated south) and Afar (in the Afar-dominated north and east). **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Monetary Unit __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djiboutian franc (DJF) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">1 US Dollar = 179.472 Djibouti Franc **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Type of Government __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti: Republic <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: Democracy <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">The difference between a republic and a democracy is that a democracy is a government is ruled by majority rather than a charter **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Political Leader __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti is a republic with a president (currently Ismael Omar Guelleh) as head of state and a prime minister (currently Dileita Mohamed Dileita) as head of government. **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Religions practiced __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti is an Islamic state, and 99 percent of the population is Muslim. **//__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">Literacy Rate __//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Djibouti: 80% (male); 61% (female) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black','sans-serif'; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">U.S.A.: 99% (male); 99% (female)

Culturegrams, flickr cc, cia world factbook, university of austin
 * [|**Nation**] ||  [|**Region**]  ||  [|**Area (square miles)**]  ||  [|**Real GDP (per capita)***]  ||  [|**Internet users (per 1,000 people)**]  ||  [|**Cellular telephone subscribers (per 1,000 people)**]  ||  [|**Telephone landlines (per 1,000 people)**]  ||  [|**Adult literacy**]  ||  [|**Literacy (male)**]  ||  [|**Literacy (female)**]  ||  [|**Daily calorie consumption (per capita)**]  ||  [|**Infant mortality (per 1,000 births)**]  ||  [|**Life expectancy (male)**]  ||  [|**Life expectancy (female)**]  ||  [|**Electricity consumption (kilowatt-hours per capita)**]  ||  [|**Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita)**]  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">Djibouti || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">Africa (East Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa)  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">8,958  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">$2,061  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">13  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">56  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">14  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">71%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">80%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">61%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">NA  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">98  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">54  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">57  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">260  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">1  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">United States of America || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">Americas (North America)  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">3,794,100  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">$45,592  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">630  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">680  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">606  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">99%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">99%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">99%  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">3,774  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">6  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">77  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">81  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">14,240  || <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: center;">21  ||