Noah+Tanzania+4A


 * __ [[image:flag_of_tanzania2.jpg width="66" height="64"]]TA __****__ N __****__ ZA N IA[[image:flag_of_tanzania.jpg]] __**

Tanzania’s name was created when its mainland, Tanganyika, and its island, Zanzibar, united in 1964. Swahili and English are the 2 most prominent languages in Tanzania. In Tanzania, mothers are often addressed by the name of their oldest son (Example: //Mama Albert).// Zanzibar’s economy depended entirely on the export of cloves, but now tourism has become the main source of income.
 * Hear the National Anthem! __http://online.culturegrams.com/multimedia/popup_mp3_Naxos.php?mediaTitle=Country%20Anthem&mediaPath__**
 * __ Did You Know? __** [[image:jump.jpg align="left" caption="A Tanzanian jumps for joy!"]]

The flag of Tanzania was most recently adopted on 30 June 1964. It consists of an upper green triangle and a lower blue triangle. These are separated by a black diagonal stripe bordered by narrower yellow stripes. The flag combines the colors of the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which joined to form Tanzania. Divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean. Expectancy || Currency || Female:56 || Tanzanian Shilling ||
 * Capital || Latitude || Longitude || Population || Area (Sq. mi) || GDP per Capita || Adult Literacy Rate || Infant Mortality Rate || Life
 * Dodoma || 6.48˚ S || 39.17˚ E || 41,892,895 || 365,755 || $1,208 || Male:79%Female:66% || 69 per 1000 births || Male:54
 * __ Where is Tanzania? __**
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The United Republic of Tanzania covers 365,755 square miles (947,300 square kilometers). It consists of mainland Tanganyika and three low coral islands that lie off the coast in the Indian Ocean: Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar. The combined size of these humid islands is about equal to that of Rhode Island. Tanganyika (about the size of Texas) is a land of great variation. It either shares or borders three of Africa's Great Lakes (Victoria, Nyasa, and Tanganyika). Most of the country is either highland or plateau, low-lying coastal plain, or upland plain (the Serengeti). Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest point in Africa, rises to 19,340 feet (5,895 meters). Africa's lowest point is the floor of Lake Tanganyika, at 1,174 feet (358 meters) below sea level. Tanzania's equatorial climate—hot, humid, and 90°F (32°C) on the coast—is tempered by inland elevations where temperatures are mild. Rains fall primarily from March to May and from October to December, with seasonal variations from north to south. Species such as lion, elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus are protected in Tanzania's many national parks and reserves. **__ History __** Various peoples inhabited the area now known as Tanzania for thousands of years before traders from southern Arabia began arriving in the eighth century. The Arabs founded the city of Kilwa as they began settling the coast. Over many generations, Arabs mixed with the local Bantu populations to produce both the Kiswahili language and the modern peoples of the coastal regions. The Portuguese arrived in the 15th century. They, together with Arabic overlords from Muscat and Oman, developed a series of populous and powerful trading cities and sultanates—particularly on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. The sultanate of Zanzibar firmly controlled both the islands and the mainland coast until the mid-1800s. In 1886, Tanganyika became a German protectorate. Zanzibar retained its independence but lost control over Kenya to the British. In 1920, Tanganyika fell under British rule as well.In 1961, Tanganyika was granted independence, followed in 1963 by a fully independent Zanzibar. In 1964, the two nations merged to form Tanzania and became a socialist republic under Julius Nyerere.For the most part, the union between Zanzibar and the mainland has been successful, although the Arab majority on Zanzibar desires more control over the island's economy and politics. Zanzibar maintains a semiautonomous status and elects its own president and legislature.
 * __ Land and Climate __**

__** Economy **__ Although only about 4 percent of Tanzania's land is under cultivation, agriculture dominates the Tanzanian economy, employing 80 percent of the population and accounting for 85 percent of all exports. Key exports include coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, tobacco, tea, cloves, coconuts from Zanzibar, and pyrethrum (a pesticide made from chrysanthemums). Tanzania also produces diamonds and other gems. Tourism is another key industry, with the nation's wildlife and natural beauty its primary attractions. Zanzibar's economy historically depended almost entirely on the export of cloves, but tourism has become the main source of income. Economic liberalization has encouraged private investment and the creation of new export products. Continued reforms are needed in order to boost economic performance. Corruption still hampers the economy. Progress has also been hindered by droughts and flood damage. The International Monetary Fund provides substantial loans. Tanzania ranks among the lowest countries in the world in terms of per capita GDP. The currency is the Tanzanian shilling (TZS). On the mainland, about one-third of the population is Christian. Another third is Muslim. On Zanzibar, nearly all inhabitants are Muslim. About one-third of the population follows indigenous beliefs, although many of these people have also accepted some Christian or Islamic beliefs. Muslims believe //Allah// (God) chose the prophet Muhammad and revealed the words of the //Qur'an// (Koran) to him through the angel Gabriel. As part of the practice of Islam, Muslims profess the name of //Allah// and proclaim Muhammad's calling. They pray five times daily and hope to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, sometime in their life. It is not unusual for professed Christians to mix their beliefs with local traditions. Thus, a local priest and a traditional healer might carry equal respect in a “Christian” village. The two belief systems are not considered contradictory because each has a place in the people's daily lives. The government is neutral in religious matters. Traditional //ngoma// music remains one of Tanzania's most popular styles. Dancers follow the rhythm of drums, accompanied by choral singing, xylophones, and whistles. Sung poetry called //taraab//, a product of Arab influence, has developed into a style of music and dance common on Zanzibar and along the mainland coast. Musicians in Dar es Salaam perform these local styles as well as jazz, gospel, and reggae. Tanzania's folk arts include the ebony sculptures of the Makonde people and baskets decorated with detailed geometric patterns. Intricate door carvings on Zanzibar combine Arabic and local motifs. //Tingatinga// artists paint animals and nature scenes using tiny, brightly-colored dots. [] [] [] [] []
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